Company Law
Company law is a very detailed branch of law and is extremely broad, as it sets out the rules that must be followed for the establishment of companies and their operation in commercial life.
What are Commercial Companies?
Within the scope of the Turkish Commercial Code, there are 5 types of companies regulated in the context of company law. These are:
- Joint-stock companies
- Limited liability companies
- Collective companies
- Commandite companies
- Cooperatives.
1-Joint-stock Company: Can be established by at least 1 person, and its partners can be real or legal persons. Its capital is fixed. Its partners are not liable for the company's debts. The company is responsible for its own debts with its own assets.
2-Limited Liability Company: Established under a trade name by one or more legal or real persons. Its capital is fixed, and the sum of its capital shares constitutes this capital. Partners are not held liable for debts related to the company and are only responsible for paying their committed capital shares and fulfilling the ancillary performance and additional payment obligations stipulated in the company agreement.
3-Collective Company: Established with at least 2 real persons, and legal persons cannot be partners in the company. The partners of the company are unlimitedly liable for the company's debts, meaning that if the company's creditors cannot meet their receivables from the company's assets, the personal assets of the partners can be seized. All values measured in money can be brought as capital to the company. It is a type of company with variable and indeterminate capital.
4-Commandite Company: Established with at least 2 persons and has 2 types of partners. These are the commandité partner and the commandité partner. Commandité partners are unlimitedly liable for the company, while commandité partners are limitedly liable.
5-Cooperative Company: Established by the gathering of at least 7 people. Cooperatives have legal personality and do not aim to make a profit.
What are the Matters within the Scope of Company Law? 
Company articles of association and contracts made by companies with real and legal persons are among the matters within the scope of company law.
